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. 2024 Feb 6;29(4):749.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29040749.

Combined Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis in Characterisation of Selected Herbhoneys

Joanna Banaś  1 , Marian Banaś  2
Affiliations

Combined Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis in Characterisation of Selected Herbhoneys

Joanna Banaś et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This study reports the use of front-face fluorescence spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) as a tool for the characterisation of selected Polish herbhoneys (raspberry, lemon balm, rose, mint, black current, instant coffee, pine, hawthorn, and nettle). Fluorimetric spectra registered in the ranges ascribed to fluorescence of amino acids, polyphenols, vitamins, and products of Maillard's reaction enabled the comparison of herbhoney compositions. Obtained synchronous spectra combined with PCA were used to investigate potential differences between analysed samples and interactions between compounds present in them. The most substantial influence on the total variance had the intensities of polyphenols fluorescence. These intensities were the main factor differentiated by the analysed products.

Keywords: PCA; herbhoney; phenolic compounds; spectrofluorimetry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Emission spectra in the wavelength range of 280–480 nm (λex 250 nm) of raspberry (1), lemon balm (2), rose (3), mint (4), black currant (5), coffee (6), pine (7), hawthorn (8) and nettle (9) herbhoneys.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Emission spectra in the wavelength range of 305–500 nm (λex 290 nm) of raspberry (1), lemon balm (2), rose (3), mint (4), black currant (5), coffee (6), pine (7), hawthorn (8) and nettle (9) herbhoneys.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Emission spectra in the wavelength range of 390–600 nm (λex 375 nm) of raspberry (1), lemon balm (2), rose (3), mint (4), black currant (5), coffee (6), pine (7), hawthorn (8) and nettle (9) herbhoneys.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PCA results of synchronous spectra of tested herbhoneys; synchronous spectra at Δλ = 30 nm (a), correlation circle (b), score plots of PCs (c).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

This research was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland.
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