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. 2024 Jun;103(6):103641.
doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103641. Epub 2024 Mar 14.

Bisphenol A and selenium deficiency exposure induces pyroptosis and myogenic differentiation disorder in chicken muscle stomach

Di Wu  1 , Yingying Su  2 , Guanghui Hu  2 , Xu Lin  2
Affiliations

Bisphenol A and selenium deficiency exposure induces pyroptosis and myogenic differentiation disorder in chicken muscle stomach

Di Wu et al. Poult Sci. 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is commonly found in the environment due to its release from the use of plastics and food overpacks, has become a major stressor for environmental sustainability and livestock and poultry farming health. Selenium (Se) deficiency causes structural damage and inflammatory responses to the digestive system and muscle tissue, and there is a potential for concurrent space-time exposure to nutritional deficiency diseases and environmental toxicants in livestock and poultry. The mechanisms of damage to chicken muscular stomach from BPA or/and Se deficiency treatment are still not known. Here, we established a chicken model of BPA (20 mg/kg) or/and Se deficiency (0.039 mg/kg) exposure, and detected histopathological changes in the muscular stomach tissue, the levels of iNOS/NO pathway, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway, pyroptosis, and myogenic differentiation by H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blot methods. The data revealed that BPA or Se deficiency exposure caused gaps between muscle fibers with inflammatory cell infiltration; up-regulation of the iNOS/NO pathway and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway; up-regulation of NLRP3/Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis related genes; down-regulation of muscle-forming differentiation (MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC) genes. The combination of BPA and Se deficiency was associated with higher toxic impairment than alone exposure. In conclusion, we discovered that BPA and Se deficiency caused myogastric pyroptosis and myogenic differentiation disorder. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the co-occurrence of animal nutritional deficiency diseases and environmental toxicant exposures in livestock and poultry farming, and may provide important insights into limiting the production of harmful substances.

Keywords: BPA; Se deficiency, chicken muscle stomach, pyroptosis, iNOS/NO/JAK/STAT3.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of BPA or/and Se deficiency on the histopathological observations of chicken muscular stomach. (A–D) The H&E staining of chicken muscular stomach in the C group, BPA group, Se- group, and BPA+Se- group (n = 3). (E) The results of feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the C group, BPA group, Se- group, and BPA+Se- group (n = 3). (F) The results of relative muscular stomach weight (muscular stomach /body weight) (n = 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of BPA or/and Se deficiency on the iNOS/NO pathway. (A) The NO content (μmol/L) of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (B) The iNOS content (U/mgprot) of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (C) The TNOS content (U/mgprot) of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (D) The ratio of iNOS/TNOS in the C group, BPA group, Se- group, and BPA+Se- group (n = 3). (E) The mRNA level of iNOS of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (F) The protein level of iNOS of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of BPA or/and Se deficiency on the JAK/STAT3 pathway. (A) The mRNA level of IL-6 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (B) The mRNA level of JAK of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (C) The mRNA level of STAT3 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (D) The protein level of JAK, p-JAK, STAT3, and p-STAT3 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (E) The protein quantification of JAK, p-JAK, STAT3, and p-STAT3 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
NLRP3 and GSDMD IF double staining results. (A) The results of NLRP3 (green) and GSDMD (red) IF staining in the C group, BPA group, Se- group, and BPA+Se- group (n = 3). Blue was stained nucleus by DAPI. (B) The relative NLRP3+ fluorescence intensity of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (C) The relative GSDMD+ fluorescence intensity of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of BPA or/and Se deficiency on the pyroptosis related genes. (A) The mRNA level of NLRP3 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (B) The mRNA level of ASC of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (C) The mRNA level of Caspase-1 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (D) The mRNA level of GSDMD of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (E) The mRNA level of IL-1β of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (F) The mRNA level of IL-18 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (G) The mRNA level of TNF-α of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (H) The protein level of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (I) The protein quantification of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of BPA or/and Se deficiency on the myogenic differentiation related genes. (A) The mRNA level of MyoD of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (B) The mRNA level of MyoG of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (C) The mRNA level of MyHC of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (D) The protein level of MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3). (E) The protein quantification of MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC of chicken muscular stomach (n = 3).
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