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. 2024 May 7;25(10):5090.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25105090.

Restoration of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Enterococcus faecalis Caused the Elimination of Tritrichomonas sp. in a Model of Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Yulia Makusheva  1 , Elena Goncharova  1 , Victoria Bets  1 , Anastasya Korel  1 , Elena Arzhanova  2 , Ekaterina Litvinova  1
Affiliations

Restoration of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Enterococcus faecalis Caused the Elimination of Tritrichomonas sp. in a Model of Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Yulia Makusheva et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease involving the interaction of the gut microbiota, genes, host immunity, and environmental factors. Dysbiosis in IBD is associated with pathobiont proliferation, so targeted antibiotic therapy is a rational strategy. When restoring the microbiota with probiotics, it is necessary to take into account the mutual influence of co-cultivated microorganisms, as the microbiota is a dynamic community of species that mediates homeostasis and physiological processes in the intestine. The aim of our study was to investigate the recovery efficacy of two potential probiotic bacteria, L. johnsonii and E. faecalis, in Muc2-/- mice with impaired mucosal layer. Two approaches were used to determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation in mice with dysbiosis caused by mucin-2 deficiency: bacterial seeding on selective media and real-time PCR analysis. The recovery time and the type of probiotic bacteria relocated affected only the number of E. faecalis. A significant positive correlation was found between colony-forming unit (CFU) and the amount of E. faecalis DNA in the group that was replanted with probiotic E. faecalis. As for L. johnsonii, it could be restored to its original level even without any additional bacteria supplementation after two weeks. Interestingly, the treatment of mice with L. johnsonii caused a decrease in the amount of E. faecalis. Furthermore, either L. johnsonii or E. faecalis treatment eliminated protozoan overgrowth caused by antibiotic administration.

Keywords: IBD; antibiotic treatment; bacteria recovery; microbiota; protozoa.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CFU and 16S rRNA of E. faecalis and L. johnsonii in mice after self-recovery or feeding with E. faecalis and L. johnsonii. (A). CFU of E. faecalis in mice feces after 2 and 3 weeks of self-recovery or feeding with E. faecalis and L. johnsonii; (B). 16S rRNA of E. faecalis to total 16S rRNA in feces of mice after 2 and 3 weeks of self-recovery or feeding with E. faecalis and L. johnsonii; (C). CFU of L. johnsonii in feces of mice after 2 and 3 weeks of self-recovery or feeding with E. faecalis and L. johnsonii; (D). 16S rRNA of L. johnsonii to total 16S rRNA in feces of mice after 2 and 3 weeks of self-recovery or feeding with E. faecalis and L. johnsonii; (E). Correlation of CFU and 16S rRNA of E. faecalis in feces of mice fed with E. faecalis; F. Correlation of CFU and 16S rRNA of E. faecalis in feces of mice fed with L. johnsonii; (G). Correlation of CFU and 16S rRNA of L. johnsonii in feces of mice fed with E. faecalis; (H). Correlation of CFU and 16S rRNA of L. johnsonii in feces of mice fed with L. johnsonii. *—p < 0.05 and **—p < 0.001, PERMANOVA test. #—p < 0.05 and ##—p < 0.01 to compare with “Intact” mice, PERMANOVA test. ND—not determined.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tritrichomonas sp. contamination in mice before and after antibiotic treatment. (A). Percentage of Tritrichomonas sp. in mice before and after two weeks of antibiotic administration followed by gavage of probiotic bacteria E. faecalis and L. johnsonii. *—p < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test. (B). Increase in Tritrichomonas sp. (indicated by arrows) number in mouse feces after 3 days of antibiotic treatment. (C). Staining of Tritrichomonas sp. with fluorescent dye CellTracker deep red. (D). Staining a smear of Tritrichomonas sp. with methylene blue.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic presentation of the experiment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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