Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy among non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects: a 4-year follow-up
- PMID: 8550277
- DOI: 10.1093/ije/24.4.787
Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy among non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects: a 4-year follow-up
Abstract
Background: To assess the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and explore risk factors associated with them among non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients.
Methods: A total of 471 NIDDM subjects aged > or 40 were recruited from four primary health care centres of northern Taiwan in 1986 and followed up for 4 years. Their ocular fundi were clearly visible by ophthalmoscopy and the status of diabetic retinopathy could be graded. A structured questionnaire interview was conducted to collect basic data. Overnight fasting venous blood was collected every year to measure the levels of glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Results: Among the 344 subjects who had no retinopathy initially, 66 subjects developed retinopathy 4 years later giving a 4-year cumulative incidence of 19.2%. Of the 120 subjects initially with background or preproliferative retinopathy, evidence of deterioration developed in 36 subjects. The cumulative incidence of progression was 30%. Seven subjects developed proliferative retinopathy giving a cumulative incidence of progression to proliferative retinopathy of 5.8%. The univariate analysis disclosed that the development of retinopathy was correlated with mean fasting blood glucose (MFBG) and HbA1c, diabetic duration, diabetic treatment and residential area. The progression of retinopathy correlated with MFBG and proteinuria, and the progression to proliferative retinopathy correlated with MFBG. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that MFBG and HbA1c were the significant risk factors related to the development of retinopathy.
Conclusions: Diabetic control assessed by MFBG or HbA1c was the significant risk factor correlated with the incidence and progression of retinopathy.
Similar articles
-
Development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Koreans with NIDDM.Diabetes Care. 1998 Jan;21(1):134-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.1.134. Diabetes Care. 1998. PMID: 9538984
-
Retinopathy among Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: A community-based follow-up study.Int J Health Plann Manage. 2019 Jul;34(3):998-1012. doi: 10.1002/hpm.2870. Epub 2019 Aug 1. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2019. PMID: 31373063
-
Diabetic retinopathy assessed by fundus photography in Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM.Diabet Med. 1997 Jun;14(6):449-56. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199706)14:6<449::AID-DIA367>3.0.CO;2-D. Diabet Med. 1997. PMID: 9212309
-
Photographic detection of retinopathy in insulin-treated diabetes. A population study in the city of Tartu, Estonia.Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997 Aug;75(4):447-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00412.x. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997. PMID: 9374259 Review.
-
Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors.Hong Kong Med J. 2016 Dec;22(6):589-99. doi: 10.12809/hkmj164869. Epub 2016 Oct 24. Hong Kong Med J. 2016. PMID: 27779095 Review.
Cited by
-
Prognostic factors for the development and progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetic retinopathy.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Feb 22;2(2):CD013775. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013775.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023. PMID: 36815723 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The War on Diabetic Retinopathy: Where Are We Now?Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019 Nov-Dec;8(6):448-456. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000267. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019. PMID: 31789647 Free PMC article.
-
Incidence Density and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy Within Type 2 Diabetes: A Five-Year Cohort Study in China (Report 1).Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jul 10;12(7):7899-909. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120707899. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015. PMID: 26184262 Free PMC article.
-
Four-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy in a Spanish cohort: the MADIABETES study.PLoS One. 2013 Oct 17;8(10):e76417. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076417. eCollection 2013. PLoS One. 2013. PMID: 24146865 Free PMC article.
-
Diabetic retinopathy is associated with oxidative stress and mitigation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes.Int J Gen Med. 2013 Sep 19;6:799-806. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S40665. eCollection 2013. Int J Gen Med. 2013. PMID: 24092995 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical