Toxicity of peroxynitrite and related reactive nitrogen species toward Escherichia coli
- PMID: 9250415
- DOI: 10.1021/tx970008v
Toxicity of peroxynitrite and related reactive nitrogen species toward Escherichia coli
Abstract
The toxicity of peroxynitrite toward Escherichia coli (expressed as LD50, the concentration required to kill 50% of the bacteria) was found to be independent of bacterial cell densities over a wide experimental range, spanning 10(6)-10(10) colony-forming units/mL; the magnitude of LD50 was also pH-independent over the range pH 5.9-8.3. This highly unusual behavior can be quantitatively reproduced by a dynamical model in which (i) ONO2H is identified as the toxic form of the oxidant and (ii) the bulk of the added peroxynitrite decays to nitrate ion under these conditions. From the model, one estimates that 10(6)-10(7) ONO2H molecules are required to kill a bacterium, indicating a very high intrinsic toxicity (cf. HOCl, for which LD50 = 10(7)-10(8) molecules/cell of E. coli). Nearly complete protection was observed when bicarbonate ion was added to the buffer, even when concentrations of peroxynitrite exceeded 50 times the LD50 measured in the absence of bicarbonate. Consistent with previous reports, combinations of H2O2 and NO and, in weakly acidic media, H2O2 and NO2- were found to exhibit enhanced toxicities relative to the individual reactants. Protection by bicarbonate was utilized to assess the potential role of intermediary formation of ONO2H in bacterial killing in these systems. Approximately 25% protection by bicarbonate was observed for media containing H2O2 and NO2-, consistent with a minor contribution to killing by ONO2H under the experimental conditions. No protection was observed for media containing H2O2 and *NO in both anaerobic and aerobic environments, excluding extracellularly generated ONO2H as a participant in these bactericidal reactions.
Similar articles
-
Peroxynitrite and nitrosoperoxycarbonate, a tightly connected oxidizing-nitrating couple in the reactive nitrogen-oxygen species family: new perspectives for protection from radical-promoted injury by flavonoids.J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;59(12):1687-95. doi: 10.1211/jpp.59.12.0011. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007. PMID: 18053331 Review.
-
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor--a review.Indian J Environ Health. 2001 Apr;43(2):1-82. Indian J Environ Health. 2001. PMID: 12397675 Review.
-
8-Nitro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a specific marker of oxidation by reactive nitrogen species, is generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-nitrite system of activated human phagocytes.Biochemistry. 1999 Feb 23;38(8):2590-600. doi: 10.1021/bi9822980. Biochemistry. 1999. PMID: 10029554
-
Nitrosation by peroxynitrite: use of phenol as a probe.Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Oct 1;358(1):1-16. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0825. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998. PMID: 9750159
-
The comparative toxicity of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite to Escherichia coli.Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):327-34. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1044. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995. PMID: 7840633
Cited by
-
Nitric oxide precipitates catastrophic chromosome fragmentation by bolstering both hydrogen peroxide and Fe(II) Fenton reactants in E. coli.J Biol Chem. 2022 Apr;298(4):101825. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101825. Epub 2022 Mar 11. J Biol Chem. 2022. PMID: 35288189 Free PMC article.
-
Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel). 2019 Jul 20;9(3):80. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9030080. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019. PMID: 31330791 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Neutrophil-generated oxidative stress and protein damage in Staphylococcus aureus.Pathog Dis. 2016 Aug;74(6):ftw060. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftw060. Epub 2016 Jun 27. Pathog Dis. 2016. PMID: 27354296 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Redox proteomics uncovers peroxynitrite-sensitive proteins that help Escherichia coli to overcome nitrosative stress.J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 5;288(27):19698-714. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.457556. Epub 2013 May 21. J Biol Chem. 2013. PMID: 23696645 Free PMC article.
-
What really happens in the neutrophil phagosome?Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Aug 1;53(3):508-20. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.008. Epub 2012 May 15. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012. PMID: 22609248 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources