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Apoptosis
A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, i.e., DNA FRAGMENTATION. It is genetically programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Year introduced: 1993
CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein
An APOPTOSIS-regulating protein that is structurally related to CASPASE 8 and competes with CASPASE 8 for binding to FAS ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Two forms of CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulating protein exist, a long form containing a caspase-like enzymatically inactive domain and a short form which lacks the caspase-like domain.
Year introduced: 2007(1997)
TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a widely expressed ligand that activates APOPTOSIS by binding to TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTORS. The membrane-bound form of the protein can be cleaved by specific CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES to form a soluble ligand form.
Year introduced: 2007(2005)
Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members that are widely expressed and play a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. The receptors are specific for TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND and signal via conserved DEATH DOMAINS that associate with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.
X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that is translated by a rare cap-independent mechanism. It blocks caspase-mediated cellular destruction by inhibiting CASPASE 3; CASPASE 7; and CASPASE 9.
Year introduced: 2006(1996)
Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein
An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that was initially identified during analysis of CHROMOSOME DELETIONS associated with SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY. Naip contains a nucleotide binding oligomerization domain and a carboxy-terminal LEUCINE rich repeat.
Year introduced: 2006(1995)
Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
A conserved class of proteins that control APOPTOSIS in both VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES. IAP proteins interact with and inhibit CASPASES, and they function as ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS. The protein class is defined by an approximately 80-amino acid motif called the baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat; some members have ubiquitin-protein ligase activity.
Year introduced: 2006(1997)
Apoptosis Inducing Factor
A flavoprotein that functions as a powerful antioxidant in the MITOCHONDRIA and promotes APOPTOSIS when released from the mitochondria. In mammalian cells AIF is released in response to pro-apoptotic protein members of the bcl-2 protein family. It translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and binds DNA to stimulate CASPASE-independent CHROMATIN condensation.
Year introduced: 2006(1999)
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
A large group of proteins that control APOPTOSIS. This family of proteins includes many ONCOGENE PROTEINS as well as a wide variety of classes of INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS such as CASPASES.
Year introduced: 2006
Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein
A nucleocytoplasmic transport protein that binds to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS and RAN GTP BINDING PROTEIN inside the CELL NUCLEUS and participates in their export into CYTOPLASM. It is also associated with the regulation of APOPTOSIS and microtubule assembly.
Year introduced: 2002
Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
Genes that are used transgenically, i.e., via GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES to induce CELL DEATH.
Year introduced: 2004
prostate apoptosis response-4 protein [Supplementary Concept]
induced during apoptosis, interacts selectively with the atypical isoforms of protein kinase C; do not confuse with protease-activated receptor 4; RefSeq NM_002583 (human); XM_125814 (mouse); NM_033485 (rat)
Date introduced: October 15, 1996
Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein
A regulator of APOPTOSIS that functions as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. It contains three baculoviral IAP repeats in its N-terminal half, a CARD DOMAIN, and a RING finger domain at its C-terminus. It is highly expressed in fetal lung and kidney, and adult lymphoid tissues such as spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. It functions in INFLAMMATION signaling, the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE, cell growth and proliferation, and metastasis of tumor cells.
Year introduced: 2018
Cell Death Reversal
Recovery of cells from one of the activated pathways of regulated cell death.
Year introduced: 2022
Ecscr protein, mouse [Supplementary Concept]
RefSeq NM_001033141
Date introduced: April 8, 2014
Ecscr protein, rat [Supplementary Concept]
RefSeq XM_008772057
ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, mouse [Supplementary Concept]
RefSeq NM_001039194
Date introduced: July 14, 2008
Naip6 protein, rat [Supplementary Concept]
RefSeq XM_226742
Date introduced: July 29, 2005
NOL3 protein, human [Supplementary Concept]
RefSeq NM_003946
Date introduced: June 1, 1998
Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I
Cortical malformations secondary to abnormal neuronal and glial CELL PROLIFERATION or APOPTOSIS in NEUROGENESIS. This group includes congenital MICROCEPHALIES; MICROLISSENCEPHALIES, megalencephalies, HEMIMEGALENCEPHALIES and cortical dysplasias with balloon cells.
Year introduced: 2015