Skip to main content
Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
EMBO J. 1990 Mar; 9(3): 749–755.
PMCID: PMC551731
PMID: 2311576

The predicted amino acid sequence of alpha-internexin is that of a novel neuronal intermediate filament protein.

Abstract

Our laboratory recently isolated and began to characterize a 66 kd rat brain cytoskeletal protein, dubbed alpha-internexin for its interactions in vitro with several other cytoskeletal proteins. Although alpha-internexin bore several of the characteristics of intermediate filament (IF) proteins, including the recognition by an antibody reactive with all IF proteins, it did not polymerize into 10 nm filaments under the conditions tested. Here we show that the predicted amino acid sequence of a cDNA encoding alpha-internexin shows the latter to be an IF protein, probably most closely related to the neurofilament proteins. Northern blotting shows that alpha-internexin expression is brain specific, and that rat brain alpha-internexin mRNA levels are maximal prior to birth and decline into adulthood, while the converse is seen for NF-L, the low molecular weight neurofilament subunit, suggesting that these two proteins play different roles in the developing brain.

Full text

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.3M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.

Images in this article

Click on the image to see a larger version.

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  • Brody BA, Ley CA, Parysek LM. Selective distribution of the 57 kDa neural intermediate filament protein in the rat CNS. J Neurosci. 1989 Jul;9(7):2391–2401. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Casey JL, Hentze MW, Koeller DM, Caughman SW, Rouault TA, Klausner RD, Harford JB. Iron-responsive elements: regulatory RNA sequences that control mRNA levels and translation. Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):924–928. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Chin SS, Liem RK. Expression of rat neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-M in transfected non-neuronal cells. Eur J Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;50(2):475–490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Chiu FC, Barnes EA, Das K, Haley J, Socolow P, Macaluso FP, Fant J. Characterization of a novel 66 kd subunit of mammalian neurofilaments. Neuron. 1989 May;2(5):1435–1445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Geisler N, Weber K. Amino acid sequence data on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA); implications for the subdivision of intermediate filaments into epithelial and non-epithelial members. EMBO J. 1983;2(11):2059–2063. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Geisler N, Kaufmann E, Fischer S, Plessmann U, Weber K. Neurofilament architecture combines structural principles of intermediate filaments with carboxy-terminal extensions increasing in size between triplet proteins. EMBO J. 1983;2(8):1295–1302. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Green LA, Liem RK. Beta-internexin is a microtubule-associated protein identical to the 70-kDa heat-shock cognate protein and the clathrin uncoating ATPase. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 15;264(26):15210–15215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hoffman PN, Lasek RJ. The slow component of axonal transport. Identification of major structural polypeptides of the axon and their generality among mammalian neurons. J Cell Biol. 1975 Aug;66(2):351–366. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hoffman PN, Cleveland DW, Griffin JW, Landes PW, Cowan NJ, Price DL. Neurofilament gene expression: a major determinant of axonal caliber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3472–3476. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kozak M. The scanning model for translation: an update. J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):229–241. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Landon F, Lemonnier M, Benarous R, Huc C, Fiszman M, Gros F, Portier MM. Multiple mRNAs encode peripherin, a neuronal intermediate filament protein. EMBO J. 1989 Jun;8(6):1719–1726. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leonard DG, Gorham JD, Cole P, Greene LA, Ziff EB. A nerve growth factor-regulated messenger RNA encodes a new intermediate filament protein. J Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;106(1):181–193. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lewis SA, Balcarek JM, Krek V, Shelanski M, Cowan NJ. Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein: structural conservation of intermediate filaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(9):2743–2746. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Liem RK, Yen SH, Salomon GD, Shelanski ML. Intermediate filaments in nervous tissues. J Cell Biol. 1978 Dec;79(3):637–645. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • MacDonald RJ, Swift GH, Przybyla AE, Chirgwin JM. Isolation of RNA using guanidinium salts. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:219–227. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Matsudaira P. Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 25;262(21):10035–10038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Meinkoth J, Wahl GM. Nick translation. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:91–94. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Melton DA, Krieg PA, Rebagliati MR, Maniatis T, Zinn K, Green MR. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7035–7056. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Monaco S, Autilio-Gambetti L, Zabel D, Gambetti P. Giant axonal neuropathy: acceleration of neurofilament transport in optic axons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):920–924. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Napolitano EW, Chin SS, Colman DR, Liem RK. Complete amino acid sequence and in vitro expression of rat NF-M, the middle molecular weight neurofilament protein. J Neurosci. 1987 Aug;7(8):2590–2599. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • O'Farrell PH. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):4007–4021. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pachter JS, Liem RK. alpha-Internexin, a 66-kD intermediate filament-binding protein from mammalian central nervous tissues. J Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;101(4):1316–1322. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Parysek LM, Goldman RD. Characterization of intermediate filaments in PC12 cells. J Neurosci. 1987 Mar;7(3):781–791. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Portier MM, de Néchaud B, Gros F. Peripherin, a new member of the intermediate filament protein family. Dev Neurosci. 1983;6(6):335–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pruss RM, Mirsky R, Raff MC, Thorpe R, Dowding AJ, Anderton BH. All classes of intermediate filaments share a common antigenic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(3 Pt 2):419–428. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Quax W, Egberts WV, Hendriks W, Quax-Jeuken Y, Bloemendal H. The structure of the vimentin gene. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):215–223. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sanger F, Coulson AR, Barrell BG, Smith AJ, Roe BA. Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol. 1980 Oct 25;143(2):161–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Shaw G, Kamen R. A conserved AU sequence from the 3' untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell. 1986 Aug 29;46(5):659–667. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Steinert PM, Roop DR. Molecular and cellular biology of intermediate filaments. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:593–625. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Thompson MA, Ziff EB. Structure of the gene encoding peripherin, an NGF-regulated neuronal-specific type III intermediate filament protein. Neuron. 1989 Jan;2(1):1043–1053. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wahl GM, Meinkoth JL, Kimmel AR. Northern and Southern blots. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:572–581. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

-