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Review
. 2022 Nov 3:9:1031935.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031935. eCollection 2022.

Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics

Raees Khan  1 , Muhammad Dawood Shah  2 , Luqman Shah  3 , Ping-Chin Lee  4   5 , Imran Khan  6
Affiliations
Review

Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics

Raees Khan et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Bacterial polysaccharides are unique due to their higher purity, hydrophilic nature, and a finer three-dimensional fibrous structure. Primarily, these polymers provide protection, support, and energy to the microorganism, however, more recently several auxiliary properties of these biopolymers have been unmasked. Microbial polysaccharides have shown therapeutic abilities against various illnesses, augmented the healing abilities of the herbal and Western medicines, improved overall health of the host, and have exerted positive impact on the growth of gut dwelling beneficial bacteria. Specifically, the review is discussing the mechanism through which bacterial polysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, they are holding promising application in the 3D printing. The review is also discussing a perspective about the metagenome-based screening of polysaccharides, their integration with other cutting-edge tools, and synthetic microbiome base intervention of polysaccharides as a strategy for prebiotic intervention. This review has collected interesting information about the bacterial polysaccharides from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Up to our knowledge, this is the first of its kind review article that is summarizing therapeutic, prebiotics, and commercial application of bacterial polysaccharides.

Keywords: anti-cancer; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; bacteria; gut microbiota; polysaccharides; prebiotics; therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of some unique bacterial monosaccharides.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structure of hyaluronan. The structure is obtained from PubChem NCBI.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram of anti-inflammatory and GM modulation effects of bacterial polysaccharides: polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory properties that are mediated by a variety of mechanisms, including early IL-10 induction, increased CD3+ T cell population, increased SCFA producing bacteria, and decreased potential pathogen population in the gut.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graphical illustration of the antibacterial properties of bacterial-derived polysaccharides. Bacterial EPSs inhibit bacterial pathogens by (1) inhibiting efflux pump (which is responsible for removal of antimicrobial agent) and (2) inhibiting the expression of antimicrobial resistant genes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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