ETRA

This article reports on an investigation of the use of convolutional neural networks to predict the visual attention of chess players. The visual attention model described in this article has been created to generate saliency maps that capture ...

Human-robot collaboration systems benefit from recognizing people's intentions. This capability is especially useful for collaborative manipulation applications, in which users operate robot arms to manipulate objects. For collaborative manipulation, ...

We investigate the smooth pursuit eye movement based interaction using an unmodified off-the-shelf RGB camera. In each pair of sequential video frames, we compute the indicative direction of the eye movement by analyzing flow vectors obtained using the ...

Analysis of eye-gaze is a critical tool for studying human-computer interaction and visualization. Yet eye tracking systems only report eye-gaze on the scene by producing large volumes of coordinate time series data. To be able to use this data, we must ...

The complex stochastic nature of eye tracking data calls for exploring sophisticated statistical models to ensure reliable inference in multi-trial eye-tracking experiments. We employ a Bayesian semi-parametric mixed-effects Markov model to compare gaze ...

In this paper, we investigate the probability and timing of attaining gaze fixations on interacted objects during hand interaction in virtual reality, with the main purpose for implicit and continuous eye tracking re-calibration. We conducted an ...

One of the obstacles to bring eye tracking technology to everyday human computer interactions is the time consuming calibration procedure. In this paper we investigate a novel calibration method based on smooth pursuit eye movement. The method uses ...

Remote eye trackers are widely used for screen-based interactions. They are less intrusive than head mounted eye trackers, but are generally quite sensitive to head movement. This leads to the requirement for frequent recalibration, especially in ...

Automatic saliency-based recalibration is promising for addressing calibration drift in mobile eye trackers but existing bottom-up saliency methods neglect user's goal-directed visual attention in natural behaviour. By inspecting real-life recordings of ...

The duration of the so-called "Quiet Eye" (QE) - the final fixation before the initiation of a critical movement - seems to be linked to better perceptual-motor performances in various domains. For instance, experts show longer QE durations when ...

Visual analytics (VA) research provides helpful solutions for interactive visual data analysis when exploring large and complex datasets. Due to recent advances in eye tracking technology, promising opportunities arise to extend these traditional VA ...

We present a method for the spatio-temporal analysis of gaze data from multiple participants in the context of a video stimulus. For such data, an overview of the recorded patterns is important to identify common viewing behavior (such as attentional ...

Eye movements of developers are used to speculate the mental cognition model (i.e., bottom-up or top-down) applied during program comprehension tasks. The cognition models examine how programmers understand source code by describing the temporary ...

In this paper, we analyze eye movement data of 26 participants using a quantitative and qualitative approach to investigate how people read natural language text in comparison to source code. In particular, we use the radial transition graph ...

This eye tracking study examines participants' visual attention when solving algorithmic problems in the form of programming problems. The stimuli consisted of a problem statement, example output, and a set of multiple-choice questions regarding ...

Despite recent developments in eye tracking technology, mobile eye trackers (ET) are still expensive devices limited to a few hundred samples per second. High speed ETs (closer to 1 KHz) can provide improved flexibility for data filtering and more ...

A key assumption conventionally made by flexible head-mounted eye-tracking systems is often invalid: The eye center does not remain stationary w.r.t. the eye camera due to slippage. For instance, eye-tracker slippage might happen due to head ...

The classification of eye movements is a very important part of eye tracking research and has been studied since its early days. Over recent years, we have experienced an increasing shift towards more immersive experimental scenarios with the use of eye-...

Photosensor oculography (PSOG) is a promising solution for reducing the computational requirements of eye tracking sensors in wireless virtual and augmented reality platforms. This paper proposes a novel machine learning-based solution for addressing ...

Gaze depth estimation presents a challenge for eye tracking in 3D. This work investigates a novel approach to the problem based on eye movement mediated by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). VOR stabilises gaze on a target during head movement, with eye ...

Joint attention is an essential part of the development process of children, and impairments in joint attention are considered as one of the first symptoms of autism. In this paper, we develop a novel technique to characterize joint attention in real ...

Eye movement classification algorithms are typically evaluated either in isolation (in terms of absolute values of some performance statistic), or in comparison to previously introduced approaches. In contrast to this, we first introduce and thoroughly ...

By temporally integrating information about pupil contours extracted from eye images, model-based methods for glint-free gaze estimation can mitigate pupil detection noise. However, current approaches require time-consuming iterative solving of a ...

Eye tracking, which measures line of sight, is expected to advance as an intuitive and rapid input method for user interfaces, and a cross-ratio based method that calculates the point-of-gaze using homography matrices has attracted attention because it ...

We evaluate subtle, emotionally-driven models of eye movement animation. Two models are tested, reading and face scanning, each based on recorded gaze transition probabilities. For reading, simulated emotional mood is governed by the probability density ...

Eyewear devices, such as augmented reality displays, increasingly integrate eye tracking, but the first-person camera required to map a user's gaze to the visual scene can pose a significant threat to user and bystander privacy. We present PrivacEye, a ...

With eye tracking being increasingly integrated into virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) head-mounted displays, preserving users' privacy is an ever more important, yet under-explored, topic in the eye tracking community. We report a large-scale ...

As large eye-tracking datasets are created, data privacy is a pressing concern for the eye-tracking community. De-identifying data does not guarantee privacy because multiple datasets can be linked for inferences. A common belief is that aggregating ...

Eye-gaze and mid-air gestures are promising for resisting various types of side-channel attacks during authentication. However, to date, a comparison of the different authentication modalities is missing. We investigate multiple authentication ...

Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionised state of the art in surgical health care. However, its complexity puts a significant burden on the surgeon's cognitive resources resulting in major biliary injuries. With the increasing number of laparoscopic ...