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Review
. 2022 May 12;14(10):2039.
doi: 10.3390/nu14102039.

Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome

Christophe Noll  1 , Janany Kandiah  2 , Gautier Moroy  3 , Yuchen Gu  2 , Julien Dairou  4 , Nathalie Janel  2
Affiliations
Review

Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome

Christophe Noll et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Plant-derived polyphenols flavonoids are increasingly being recognized for their medicinal potential. These bioactive compounds derived from plants are gaining more interest in ameliorating adverse health risks because of their low toxicity and few side effects. Among them, therapeutic approaches demonstrated the efficacy of catechins, a major group of flavonoids, in reverting several aspects of Down syndrome, the most common genomic disorder that causes intellectual disability. Down syndrome is characterized by increased incidence of developing Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and subsequent metabolic disorders. In this focused review, we examine the main effects of catechins on comorbidities linked with Down syndrome. We also provide evidence of catechin effects on DYRK1A, a dosage-sensitive gene encoding a protein kinase involved in brain defects and metabolic disease associated with Down syndrome.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Dyrk1A; catechins; metabolic syndrome; trisomy 21.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Structure of the flavan nucleus, the basic structure of flavonoids. (B) Structure of eight catechins. Catechins have many chemical structural features, such as hydroxyl groups (–OH), that combine easily with other materials.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Major positive effects of catechins on several aspects of Down syndrome (DS) and its main comorbidities, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and metabolic syndrome (MS).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The docking results for (A) CG and (B) GCG. DYRK1A is in cartoon representation. CG, GCG and the residues forming non-covalent bonds are in sticks representation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Fondation Jerome Lejeune (grant number 2017a-1634) and the French state funds through the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” program (ANR-18-CE16-0020 DYRKDOWN).
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