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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 Apr 3;15(7):1748.
doi: 10.3390/nu15071748.

Effects of Free Linoleic Acid and Oleic Acid in Sesame Meal Extract as Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors on Postprandial Triglyceridemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers

Xuan Li  1 , Hiroaki Yamada  1 , Sayo Morita  1 , Yusuke Yamashita  1 , Youngil Kim  1 , Takashi Kometani  1 , Nikesh Narang  1 , Toma Furuta  2 , Mujo Kim  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Free Linoleic Acid and Oleic Acid in Sesame Meal Extract as Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors on Postprandial Triglyceridemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers

Xuan Li et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

A great number of chemically diverse pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors have been identified to tackle obesity; however, very few of them have entered clinical studies. The ethanolic extract of sesame meal is a potent PL inhibitor, and its activity hinges exclusively on two free fatty acids: linoleic acid and oleic acid, which were proven to reduce postprandial triglyceride excursion in rats. Herein, to investigate the clinical efficacy of the sesame meal extract, in a crossover trial, 30 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive the sesame meal extract containing experimental food or placebo along with a high-fat meal. Treatment with the sesame meal extract significantly lowered the incremental postprandial serum triglyceride concentration and reduced the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by 16.8% (p-value = 0.03) compared to placebo. Significant decreases in postprandial remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein particles were also observed, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. These results suggest that treatment with the sesame meal extract significantly reduced the postprandial excursion of triglycerides and improved the lipidemic profile after high dietary fat intake in healthy individuals, indicating the substantial potential of free linoleic acid and oleic acid and natural products rich in these compounds for the management of obesity and related conditions.

Keywords: atherogenic lipoproteins; clinical trial; dietary fat absorption; functional food; linoleic acid; obesity; oleic acid; pancreatic lipase inhibitor; postprandial lipemia; postprandial triglyceridemia.

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Conflict of interest statement

X.L., H.Y., S.M., Y.Y., Y.K., T.K., N.N. and M.K. are employees of Pharma Foods International Co., Ltd. T.F. is an employee of Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd. Pharma Foods International Co., Ltd. and Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd. are the sponsors of the study. However, none of the authors influence the outcomes at any stage of the clinical trial.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
In vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of the sesame meal extract and the mixtures of free linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA). Values are mean ± standard error (SE) (n = 3). The mixture of LA and OA (LA-OA) were composed of 2.3 and 2.1 μg/mL, 6.9 and 6.3 μg/mL, 23 and 21 μg/mL, and 69 and 63 μg/mL of free LA and OA, respectively, which were equal to the amount contained in 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/mL of the sesame meal extract (Extract). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.29 ng/mL orlistat was used as negative and positive control, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow diagram of the trial. The schema graphically outlines the design and conduct of the two-arm, two-period crossover trial. TG, triglyceride.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses to ingestion of the experimental food or placebo and the standardized high-fat diet. (a) Time course of the incremental postprandial serum TG concentrations. Values are mean ± standard error (SE). Statistical analysis by two-tailed, paired t-tests. * p-value < 0.05. (b) Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of postprandial serum TGs. Values are covariate-adjusted mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) and were compared by using a mixed-effects model with intervention, gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and sequence as fixed variables and subject as a random effect. * p-value < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses to ingestion of the experimental food or placebo and the standardized high-fat diet. (a) Time course of the incremental postprandial serum TG concentrations. Values are mean ± standard error (SE). Statistical analysis by two-tailed, paired t-tests. * p-value < 0.05. (b) Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of postprandial serum TGs. Values are covariate-adjusted mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) and were compared by using a mixed-effects model with intervention, gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and sequence as fixed variables and subject as a random effect. * p-value < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Postprandial remnant-like lipoprotein particle (RLP) cholesterol responses to ingestion of the experimental food or placebo and the standardized high-fat diet. (a) Time course of the incremental postprandial serum RLP cholesterol concentrations. Values are mean ± standard error (SE). Statistical analysis by two-tailed, paired t-tests. * p-value < 0.05. (b) Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of postprandial serum RLP cholesterol. Values are covariate-adjusted mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) and were compared by using a mixed-effects model with intervention, gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and sequence as fixed variables and subject as a random effect.
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