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. 2023 Apr 6;28(7):3270.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28073270.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Profile of Shennongjia Apis cerana Honey through a Comparison with Apis mellifera Honey in China

Jingwen Guo  1 , Qiong Ding  1 , Zhiwei Zhang  1 , Ying Zhang  1 , Jianshe He  1 , Zong Yang  2 , Ping Zhou  1 , Xiaoyan Gong  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Profile of Shennongjia Apis cerana Honey through a Comparison with Apis mellifera Honey in China

Jingwen Guo et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This study evaluates the phenolic profile as well as the antioxidant properties of Shennongjia Apis cerana honey through a comparison with Apis mellifera honey in China. The total phenolic content (TPC) ranges from 263 ± 2 to 681 ± 36 mg gallic acid/kg. The total flavonoids content (TFC) ranges from 35.9 ± 0.4 to 102.2 ± 0.8 mg epicatechin/kg. The correlations between TPC or TFC and the antioxidant results (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the phenolic compounds are quantified and qualified by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), and a total of 83 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in this study. A metabolomics analysis based on the 83 polyphenols was carried out and subjected to principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish Apis cerana honey from Apis mellifera honey based on the phenolic profile.

Keywords: Apis cerana honey; Apis mellifera honey; antioxidant capacity; metabolomics; polyphenols profile.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principal components analysis (PCA) of A. cerana and A. mellifera honeys. Results of PCA of honeys: scores plot (A) and loadings plot (B).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of A. cerana and A. mellifera honey. Score scattering plot of OPLS-DA (A) and corresponding validation plot (B); VIP (C) and S-plot (D) of OPLS-DA.
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