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. 2024 May 24;16(11):1603.
doi: 10.3390/nu16111603.

Assessment of the Diuretic Properties of Rice Bean Accessions Using a Mouse Model and Identification of Active Polyphenolic Compounds

Dan Gong  1 , Bin Zhang  2 , Yang Yao  1 , Suhua Wang  1 , Tao Xiong  2 , Lixia Wang  1
Affiliations

Assessment of the Diuretic Properties of Rice Bean Accessions Using a Mouse Model and Identification of Active Polyphenolic Compounds

Dan Gong et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi], an annual legume in the genus Vigna, is a promising crop suitable for cultivation in a changing climate to ensure food security. It is also a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine; however, little is known about the medicinal compounds in rice bean. In this study, we assessed the diuretic effect of rice bean extracts on mice as well as its relationship with the contents of eight secondary metabolites in seeds. Mice gavaged with rice bean extracts from yellow and black seeds had higher urinary output (5.44-5.47 g) and water intake (5.8-6.3 g) values than mice gavaged with rice bean extracts from red seeds. Correlation analyses revealed significant negative correlations between urine output and gallic acid (R = -0.70) and genistein (R = -0.75) concentrations, suggesting that these two polyphenols negatively regulate diuresis. There were no obvious relationships between mice diuresis-related indices (urine output, water intake, and weight loss) and rutin or catechin contents, although the concentrations of both of these polyphenols in rice bean seeds were higher than the concentrations of the other six secondary metabolites. Our study findings may be useful for future research on the diuretic effects of rice bean, but they should be confirmed on the basis of systematic medical trials.

Keywords: diuretic effect; polyphenols; rice beans; urinary output; water intake; weight loss.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Average urine output of mice at 7 days after gavage. Asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by a one-way ANOVA: **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, and ** p < 0.01; ns, not significant (p > 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average weight loss of mice within 7 days after gavage. Asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by a one-way ANOVA: **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant (p > 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Seven-day average water intake of mice after gavage. Asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by a one-way ANOVA: **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001,** p < 0.01; ns, not significant (p > 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Diuretic effects of rice bean accessions with different seed colors. (a) Seven-day average urine output of mice after gavage. (b) Seven-day average weight loss of mice after gavage. (c) Seven-day average water intake of mice after gavage.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Rice bean hundred-grain weight and trends in urine output, weight loss, and water intake of mice after gavage. Letters in parentheses indicate seed color: R, red; Y, yellow; B, black; and D, dotted.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Concentrations of the main functional components of different legumes. (a) Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and genistein concentrations. (b) Catechin and rutin concentrations. (c) Vitexin and isovitexin concentrations.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Relationship between urine output and gallic acid and genistein contents.
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