Paraxanthine (metabolite of caffeine) mimics caffeine's interaction with sympathetic control of thermogenesis
- PMID: 7977734
- DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.5.E801
Paraxanthine (metabolite of caffeine) mimics caffeine's interaction with sympathetic control of thermogenesis
Abstract
The notion that paraxanthine (the major dimethylated by-product of caffeine) may be a biologically active metabolite that could mediate some of the effects of caffeine was tested in relation to the well-established property of caffeine as a thermogenic stimulant. From studies measuring the in vitro respiration rates of rat brown adipose tissue in the basal state and in response to ephedrine (an enhancer of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve endings), it is shown that paraxanthine has the same potency as its parent compound, caffeine, in interacting with the adrenergic system to potentiate thermogenesis. These data provide the first direct demonstration of a physiological effect of the main metabolite of caffeine and raise the possibility that paraxanthine may contribute importantly to the ability of caffeine to potentiate the thermogenic effects of well-known stimuli of the sympathetic nervous system such as cold exposure, moderate exercise, and sympathomimetic drugs.
Similar articles
-
Peripheral mechanisms of thermogenesis induced by ephedrine and caffeine in brown adipose tissue.Int J Obes. 1991 May;15(5):317-26. Int J Obes. 1991. PMID: 1885257
-
Thermogenesis in human brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle induced by sympathomimetic stimulation.Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1986;278:1-32. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1986. PMID: 3464154
-
Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Feb;24(2):252-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801101. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000. PMID: 10702779
-
Sympathoadrenal system and regulation of thermogenesis.Am J Physiol. 1984 Aug;247(2 Pt 1):E181-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1984.247.2.E181. Am J Physiol. 1984. PMID: 6380306 Review.
-
Pharmacology of thermogenic drugs.Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1 Suppl):246S-248S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/55.1.246s. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992. PMID: 1345887 Review.
Cited by
-
Treatment of Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity: Now and the Future.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Apr 6;13:846880. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.846880. eCollection 2022. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022. PMID: 35464063 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Caffeine enhances activity thermogenesis and energy expenditure in rats.Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019 May;46(5):475-482. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13065. Epub 2019 Feb 14. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019. PMID: 30620415 Free PMC article.
-
Caffeine provokes adverse interactions with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') and related psychostimulants: mechanisms and mediators.Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov;167(5):946-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02065.x. Br J Pharmacol. 2012. PMID: 22671762 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Mechanisms mediating the ability of caffeine to influence MDMA ('Ecstasy')-induced hyperthermia in rats.Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Jun;160(4):860-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00660.x. Br J Pharmacol. 2010. PMID: 20590585 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical