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. 2021 Jan 21;13(2):296.
doi: 10.3390/nu13020296.

Is There a FADS2-Modulated Link between Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma Phospholipids and Polyphenol Intake in Adult Subjects Who Are Overweight?

Manja M Zec  1 , Irena Krga  1 , Ljiljana Stojković  2 , Maja Živković  2 , Biljana Pokimica  1 , Aleksandra Stanković  2 , Maria Glibetic  1
Affiliations

Is There a FADS2-Modulated Link between Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma Phospholipids and Polyphenol Intake in Adult Subjects Who Are Overweight?

Manja M Zec et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Dietary polyphenols promote cardiometabolic health and are linked with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids (LC-PUFA). The FADS2 polymorphisms are associated with LC-PUFA metabolism and overweight/obesity. This 4-week study examined the link between polyphenol intake, FADS2 variants (rs174593, rs174616, rs174576) and obesity in 62 overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25), allocated to consume 100 mL daily of either: Aronia juice, a rich source of polyphenols, with 1177.11 mg polyphenols (expressed as gallic acid equivalents)/100 mL (AJ, n = 22), Aronia juice with 294.28 mg polyphenols/100 mL (MJ, n = 20), or nutritionally matched polyphenol-lacking placebo as a control (PLB, n = 20). We analyzed LC-PUFA (% of total pool) by gas chromatography and FADS2 variants by real-time PCR. Four-week changes in LC-PUFA, BMI, and body weight were included in statistical models, controlling for gender and PUFA intake. Only upon AJ and MJ, the presence of FADS2 variant alleles affected changes in linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Upon MJ treatment, changes in EPA were inversely linked with changes in BMI (β= -0.73, p = 0.029) and weight gain (β= -2.17, p = 0.024). Only in subjects drinking AJ, the link between changes in EPA and anthropometric indices was modified by the rs174576 variant allele. Our results indicate the interaction between FADS2, fatty acid metabolism, and polyphenol intake in overweight subjects.

Keywords: Aronia; FADS2; gene-dietary interaction; long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; obesity; polyphenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Changes in BMI, total body weight, individual long-chain plasma phospholipid fatty acids (b) predicted desaturase 5 and 6 activities, AA/EPA and AA/DHA ratios upon 4-week habitual intake of either Aronia juice with 1177.11 mg of polyphenols (gallic acid equivalents, GAE) per 100 mL (AJ), Aronia juice with 294.28 mg of polyphenols (GAE) per 100 mL (MJ), or polyphenol-lacking placebo beverage (PLB). Data are graphed as median [min, max]. Variance in the distribution of the parameters was evaluated by the general linear model and Kruskal-Wallis analyses, for parametric and non-parametric approaches, respectively; testing differences between parameter distributions across the study treatments with varying polyphenol content.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dietary polyphenol-FADS2 (rs174576) interaction affecting the relationship between changes in EPA and BMI in overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25) upon 4-weeks. (a) The associations between changes in EPA levels in plasma phospholipids with changes in BMI and weight gain, depending on the variant allele presence in FADS2 rs174576 variant place; (b) The associations between tertiles of changes in levels of EPA in plasma phospholipids with changes in BMI and weight gain, depending on the interventional treatments with varying polyphenol content (AJ, MJ, PLB) and presence of the variant allele in FADS2 rs174576 variant place. AJ, subjects drinking Aronia juice with 1177.11 mg of polyphenols (gallic acid equivalents, GAE) per 100 mL; MJ, subjects drinking Aronia juice with 294.28 mg of polyphenols (GAE) per 100 mL; PLB, subjects drinking a polyphenol-lacking placebo beverage.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dietary polyphenol-FADS2 (rs174576) interaction affecting the relationship between changes in EPA and BMI in overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25) upon 4-weeks. (a) The associations between changes in EPA levels in plasma phospholipids with changes in BMI and weight gain, depending on the variant allele presence in FADS2 rs174576 variant place; (b) The associations between tertiles of changes in levels of EPA in plasma phospholipids with changes in BMI and weight gain, depending on the interventional treatments with varying polyphenol content (AJ, MJ, PLB) and presence of the variant allele in FADS2 rs174576 variant place. AJ, subjects drinking Aronia juice with 1177.11 mg of polyphenols (gallic acid equivalents, GAE) per 100 mL; MJ, subjects drinking Aronia juice with 294.28 mg of polyphenols (GAE) per 100 mL; PLB, subjects drinking a polyphenol-lacking placebo beverage.
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