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. 2023 Feb 6;28(4):1574.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28041574.

Redox Biomarkers Assessment after Oral Administration of Wine Extract and Grape Stem Extract in Rats and Mice

Fotios Tekos  1 , Zoi Skaperda  1 , Periklis Vardakas  1 , Despina Kyriazi  1 , Georgios C Maravelis  1 , Konstantinos Poulas  2 , Ioannis A Taitzoglou  3 , Charitini Nepka  4 , Demetrios Kouretas  1
Affiliations

Redox Biomarkers Assessment after Oral Administration of Wine Extract and Grape Stem Extract in Rats and Mice

Fotios Tekos et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Wine and by-products of the winemaking process, such as grape stems, are rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds that might be beneficial for animal and human health. In recent years, the administration of dietary polyphenols with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties has constituted an emerging line of research interest toward disease prevention. However, in scientific literature, only a limited number of studies have investigated the safety and the toxicological risks of polyphenolic compounds in vivo. Based on the above, the purpose of the present study was two-fold: first, to examine the effects of oral administration of a grape stem extract, derived from the Greek red wine Mavrodaphne, on mice redox biomarkers; and second, to investigate the biological effects of oral administration of a wine extract, derived from the emblematic Greek red wine Xinomavro, on rats. Toward this purpose, body weight, growth rate, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters, as well as a panel of redox biomarkers, were examined. According to our results, the administration of Mavrodaphne grape stem extract in mice induced alterations in redox homeostasis, preventing mice from the adverse effects of lipid peroxidation. Contrariwise, the administration of Xinomavro wine extract induced both beneficial and harmful outcomes on rat redox status determined by the examined tissue. Collectively, our study reports that the Mavrodaphne grape stem extract, a serious pollutant when disposed in environmental matrices, is an important source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds that could protect from oxidative damage and improve animal and human health. Finally, the Xinomavro wine extract exerts tissue-specific changes in redox balance, which are indicative of the complexity that characterizes the biological systems.

Keywords: antioxidants; polyphenols; redox biomarkers; toxicological study; wine extract.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of Mavrodaphne grape stem extract on GSH, TBARS, and TAC levels of mice tissues. *: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of Xinomavro wine extract on GSH and TAC levels of rat blood and tissues. *: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05).**: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.01), ).***: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of Xinomavro wine extract on TBARS and protein carbonyl levels of rat blood and tissues. *: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05).**: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.01). ***: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001). ****: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.0001).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of Xinomavro wine extract on H2O2 decomposition rate and SOD activity of rat blood and tissues. *: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of Xinomavro wine extract on GPx and GR activity of rat blood and tissues. *: Statistically significant difference compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Histology image of untreated rat lung.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Histology image of treated rat lung.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

The present study was funded by the Action ‘RESEARCH- CREATE-INNOVATE’ supported by the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2014–2020 (EPAnEK) and the European Union (T1EDK-01889).

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