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. 2023 Feb 17;28(4):1933.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28041933.

Antioxidant Guided Fractionation of Blackberry Polyphenols Show Synergistic Role of Catechins and Ellagitannins

Katerina Tzima  1 , Gontorn Putsakum  1 , Dilip K Rai  1
Affiliations

Antioxidant Guided Fractionation of Blackberry Polyphenols Show Synergistic Role of Catechins and Ellagitannins

Katerina Tzima et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

In the present study, blackberry extract was prepared using a previously optimized solid-liquid extraction method in 70% aqueous acetone aimed at the recovery of its principal phenolics. Subsequently, 0.5 g of freeze-dried extract was subjected to flash chromatography fractionation, which was conducted on a C18 column using a binary solvent system of water and methanol at 10 mL/min. The total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities of the obtained 42 flash fractions were determined, and a strong positive correlation (r ≥ 0.986) was exhibited among them. Furthermore, the graph of the antioxidant indices of the flash fractions resembled the flash chromatogram, suggesting a good correlation among the compounds within the chromatographic peaks and the antioxidant indices. LC-MS/MS identified as many 28 phenolics, including cinnamtannin A2 reported for the first time in blackberries. This study further established the role of dominant anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside), but uniquely those of ellagitannins and catechins on the antioxidant capacity of blackberries.

Keywords: LC-MS/MS; anthocyanins; antioxidant indices; blackberries; catechins; ellagitannins; flash chromatography fractionation; phenolics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flash chromatograms obtained following fractionation of the phenolic extract of lyophilized blackberries. Different colors of chromatographic peaks represent different wavelengths, namely 280 nm (Red), 320 nm (Blue), 360 nm (Green), and 399 nm (Yellow). Dark blue line shows the % methanol (%B) gradient.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TPC (in gallic acid equivalent), DPPH, and FRAP both in Trolox equivalent of the FLC fractions of blackberry extract.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Heat map of the quantified major phenolic compounds in the most antioxidant-potent fractions through UPLC-TQD-MS/MS. Data are expressed as μg/mL.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic flow chart illustrating the optimized extraction process, flash fractionation, and analysis of the blackberry phenolic-rich fractions. Ace = acetone, S = solid, L = liquid, FDE = freeze dried extract.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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